Neuroblastoma is cancer that
begins in the early stage of nerve cells (also known as neuroblasts) of the
sympathetic nervous system, therefore, they are found anywhere along this
system. 1 out 3 neuroblastomas start in
the adrenal glands. About 1 out of 4 begin in sympathetic nerve ganglia in the
abdomen while the rest start in sympathetic ganglia near the spine in the chest
or neck or in the pelvis (The American Cancer Society ,
2014) .
Neuroblastoma often begins in infancy and are
diagnosed within the first month of life. It is found when the tumor begins to
grow and cause signs of symptoms. Sometimes it forms before birth and is found
during a fetal ultrasound.
By the time is diagnosed the cancer cells must
have matured (spread). and this most often spreads usually to the lymph nodes,
bones, bone marrow, and liver among infants. It also spreads to the skin (NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE,
2017).
Lump in the abdomen, neck, or chest.
Bulging eyes.
Dark circles around the eyes ("black eyes").
Bone pain.
Painless, bluish lumps under the skin (in infants).
PREVALENCE OF NEUROBLASTOMA:
This is a common extracranial
solid tumor among children under the age of five years. It affects 1 in 7000
children. 40% of cases were diagnosed in children younger than 1 year of age. These
infants have extremely favorable prognosis even in the presence of metastatic
disease. The observation has contributed to screening infants with the aid of a
specific catecholamine markers that are easily measured in the urine in order
to identify the disease in preclinical stage, although it is unknown whether
this approach can reduce mortality rate of neuroblastoma (William G. Woods, 2002).
REFERENCES:
1.
NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE. (2017, OCTOBER 16). NATIONAL
CANCER INSTITUTE.
2.
The American
Cancer Society . (2014, March 14). What Is Neuroblastoma? Retrieved
from The American Cancer Society :
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/neuroblastoma/about/what-is-neuroblastoma.html#written_by
3.
William G.
Woods, M. R.-N. (2002, April 04). Screening of Infants and Mortality Due to
Neuroblastoma. NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE. Retrieved from
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa012387#t=article
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